By "similar syntax" I mean it uses the
keyword morestuff(para, meters)
{
stuff();
that();
should();
happen = true;
}
syntax that you find in every C-based language (C++, Java, C#, JavaScript, Danmakufu script, etc) so it should be easy to understand if you were fine with Danmakufu. However, C# is not "written like danmakufu code".
C#+XNA is not that hard to setup, but it requires a lot of download. (.NET framework 4.0, Visual C# 2010 Express, XNA Game Studio, etc.).
And I advise you don't go making games as soon as you get it. Learn the language before attempting a large project. Once you'll get to XNA, start by small programs that read input, draw textures, play sounds and music, etc. before making a game. And make 2D games before getting into 3D. You can get pretty far into a danmaku engine without ever playing with things other than a SpriteBatch for drawing in XNA.