For vsync patch, all you need to do is add three files into the folder the game resides in. For PCB, you need vpatch_th07.dll, vpatch.exe, and vpatch.ini, and run the game with vpatch.exe, and it should work. (also make sure the game's exe is named properly, "TH07.exe") You can rename the english patched one to this to run the english patch, just make sure it's not the same name as the original one (I just name my original one to "TH07 J.exe").
As for running without Japanese locale, I can only speak from a Mac's perspective on this, as that is what I use Wine on, and I lack any system that runs any form of Linux. What I do when I launch the game is this:
LANG="ja_JP.UTF-8" wine vpatch.exe
Not sure if that would be the same on Linux or not, however, but I assume it is. I also use this to launch up anything Japanese based and I've never had issues with doing so.