Going by the assumption one has already played Normal and generally knows what to expect:
1. LoLK
2. UFO
3. DDC
4. SA
5. PoFV
6. EoSD
7. TD
8. PCB
9. IN
10. MoF
I feel Tres's description was on point, LoLK is an unbalanced mess and it is on Hard where it really shows. Some patterns, while they follow the same general logic across difficulties, they work so differently that their Hard version is comparable to its Lunatic one for their own reasons (e.g. Doremy's laser card on Lunatic is denser, but on Hard the lasers are slow enough for the bullets to actually be an issue), and some other patterns, if you can barely get a piece on Lunatic, then forget about getting it on Hard (Normal usually doesn't have this issue because graze items are easier to get).
UFO's biggest hurdle is learning the UFO system, but you have Easy and Normal to get comfortable with it. After that it's very easy to get Lives/bombs. Although, in terms of patterns, UFO does scale up substantially and you can't get resources during bosses, who can make you lose what you have just as easily as you got it
DDC is just the same as on Normal: hard patterns, easy resources
If you could memorize SA Normal, you've already memorized half of SA Hard, so it's not hard to get into it
PoFV is pretty much the same, it just picks up the pace earlier
EoSD is just dead average
TD now has you actually paying some attention to it, so you don't get killed and mess up your route, but still not very difficult (and trance is easier to fill).
PCB does see an increase in difficulty, but it also helps your defensive options a bit (more bullets=larger cancels=more borders), and it's still quite generous with resources
IN kinda just stays where it was. There are more bullets, but they get cancelled by familiars from dying enemies, some bosses (like Marisa) start getting difficult, but it's all very much manageable. And you still have extended deathbomb timers
MoF doesn't have many difficult patterns, probably just PWG and VoWG. Though if you decide to throw skill out the window, you can always bomb everything.